Propranolol tablets (Inderal®) are a prescription medication in the class of drugs known as beta-blockers. While FDA-approved for the treatment of high blood pressure, angina, and certain heart rhythm disorders, propranolol is also commonly prescribed off-label for migraine prevention.
For migraine management, propranolol helps reduce the frequency and severity of migraine attacks by blocking beta-adrenergic receptors in the body. This action reduces the effects of adrenaline, leading to steadier blood vessel tone and a calmer cardiovascular response, which can play a role in decreasing migraine triggers. Propranolol is not used to treat a migraine once it has started, but rather to lower the likelihood of future episodes.
How to Use
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For migraine prevention, propranolol is typically prescribed as a daily medication.
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Starting doses are often in the range of 40 mg taken 2 to 3 times daily, with adjustments made by a healthcare provider based on response and tolerability.
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Extended-release formulations may be prescribed once daily instead of multiple doses.
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Tablets should be swallowed whole with water, with or without food.
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It may take several weeks of consistent use to notice a reduction in migraine frequency.
Important Notes and Warnings
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Propranolol should not be used in patients with certain heart or lung conditions, including severe asthma, uncontrolled heart failure, or very slow heart rate.
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Common side effects may include fatigue, dizziness, sleep disturbances, or cold hands and feet.
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Serious risks include low blood pressure, severe bradycardia, or worsening breathing problems in patients with asthma.
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Patients with diabetes should be aware that propranolol may mask symptoms of low blood sugar (such as rapid heartbeat).
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This medication should not be stopped suddenly, as abrupt discontinuation may worsen chest pain or heart problems.
Inform your healthcare provider about all medications you are taking, especially other blood pressure drugs, antidepressants, or migraine therapies, to avoid drug interactions.